The computational values are required to set up the type of structure and target component values. In-situ RF lab measureme nts, along with tuning work, have to be consid ered for determ ining the proper final values. Above a few tens of megahertz, theoretical calculations and simulations are often insufficient. As such, it allows calculations of all parameters related to transmission lines as well as impedances in open space, circuits, and the like. The matching task is required for a proper transfer of signal and energy from a 'source' to a 'load.' At high radio frequencies, the spurious elements (like wire inductances, interlayer capacitances, and conductor resistances) have a signif icant yet unpredic table impact on the matching network. The Smith chart is a chart of normalized impedances (or admittances) in the reflection coefficient plane. Typically these incl ude the antenn a to the low-noise amplifier (LNA), power- ampli fier output (RFOU T) to the antenna, and LNA/VCO output to mixer inputs. The following Smith chart examples show a matching exercise where the same load impedance is matched using two different match- ing network architectures. One is the need to match the different impedances of the interconnected blocks. When dealing with the practical implementation of RF applications, there are always some nightmarish tasks.
